* Downloading Photoshop is covered in Chapter 9.
* Refer to Chapter 11 for tutorials on how to use Photoshop.
* For general Photoshop information, check out `www.photoshop.com` and follow the link to the tutorial section.
* The program has a free online tutor that walks you through features step by step.
Photoshop is quite an intimidating program at first. But it’s a very powerful program with a lot of features that can make any photographer’s work a lot easier.
Figure 11-5: Photoshop’s interface is designed to be completely drag-and-drop compatible.
Photoshop also has a tutorial system that makes learning about the program fairly painless.
* To download the tutorial, go to `www.photoshop.com/tutorials` and follow the link to the Photoshop CS6 tutorial page. You can also view the tutorial on YouTube.
* The program’s help features are available at every dialog box and with help icons on menus and toolbars.
* What you’re paying for in Photoshop is the ability to create and modify raster images. So, if you want to create vector images, take a look at Vector Magic (`www.keysoftware.com`) or Paint Shop Pro (`www.paint.net`).
## The Adobe Bridge Interface
The Adobe Bridge interface enables you to view, manage, and import photos, video, and 3D models into your computer’s Windows, Mac, Linux, or Mac OS–X operating system. It is a Windows or Mac program and can be accessed through an icon in your browser or by clicking the My Photoshop icon on your hard drive.
To open Adobe Bridge, launch the program by clicking the icon on the desktop. As shown in Figure 11-6, the first thing you see when you launch the program is a view of the Bridge window, which is designed to be your photo library, where you import and manage your images. (This window may also be called the My Photoshop tab or the Shared items tab.)
The Bridge window consists of three tabs at the top of the window: Photos, Collections, and Downloads. The Photos tab is used for managing your images, while Collections and Downloads are used for importing and organizing images you’ve either downloaded from websites or shot yourself.
The Collections tab is a central area where you can edit and manage the photos, videos, and 3D images you’ve either
This article lists Photoshop alternatives, including software for Windows, Mac, and Linux and online services, that feature features similar to those offered by Photoshop Elements. Many of these software applications are free for basic use, though there may be a small fee in some cases. Each program is explained briefly below. Note that some of the programs mentioned below may offer features that Photoshop Elements does not, such as advanced image retouching, including features for manipulating shapes, selections, and drawing with the pen tool, more powerful filters, color correction and more.
You may also be interested in this list of the best graphics software.
Recommended Photoshop alternatives
Photoshop alternatives that use the same functionality but offer additional features and/or are more widely used than Photoshop Elements include:
Additional Photoshop alternatives
Other graphics editors that are notable include Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop. Both are complex design tools, designed to be used by graphic designers rather than by photographers. Other graphics editors designed specifically for creating and editing photographic images include Adobe Live Photo Edit and Fotoxx.
Recommended Photoshop alternatives
A selection of the best Photoshop alternatives
Online services
There are many online services that provide some of the most useful features of Photoshop, including custom-built tools that provide Photoshop-like features. Some of these services are free, while others allow you to use some features, typically a limited set of filters, for free and charge for more features. These online services generally offer some of the additional features not available in Photoshop Elements.
Online services that appear here also provide some or all of the following Photoshop functions:
Online services that appear here also provide some or all of the following Photoshop functions: Draw a Photoshop-like custom path such as a box, ellipse or polygon, Edit the path, and create linked shapes.
Photoshop Essentials
This is a set of tools from Yahoo! that provides a simple set of tools to help create custom shapes, logos, icons, and other graphics. Photoshop Essentials can generate very basic shapes such as squares, circles, ellipses, and rectangles.
Homepage | Features
Apple Keynote
Users create simple graphics that have shadows, bevels, and other visual effects like layers and filters. It is based on PowerPoint.
Barronius World Map
Use this software that contains a collection of maps to edit and create custom maps.
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for fabricating a semiconductor device, and more particularly to a method for forming a compound semiconductor pattern and a semiconductor device using the method.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Compound semiconductor materials have a wide band gap and therefore can be applied to superhigh-power elements, high-frequency, and infrared detectors. Compared with conventional devices formed of silicon, which is a compound semiconductor material, compound semiconductor devices have a lower temperature coefficient of the resistance. Therefore, compound semiconductor devices can operate stably and reliably at high temperatures. Accordingly, compound semiconductor devices can be used for devices used at high temperature, such as high-power devices. The compound semiconductor material such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) is widely used in high-power or high-frequency devices because it has a higher electron mobility than silicon. In addition, the GaAs film can be easily formed by MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition), and can be directly formed on silicon. However, due to the formation of a GaAs film by MOCVD, a lattice mismatch between the GaAs film and silicon occurs because the crystal structure of GaAs is different from that of silicon. Therefore, the crystal is not homogeneously grown. When the grown crystal is formed on a silicon substrate, there is a problem in that the grown crystal cannot function as an epitaxial film. Because of the above-mentioned problems, it is difficult to apply the GaAs compound semiconductor material to devices requiring a high-temperature operation.
To overcome the problems in the GaAs film formation by MOCVD, a liquid phase epitaxial growth method has been proposed. The liquid phase epitaxial growth method controls the temperature at which the GaAs film is formed. In addition, a liquid phase epitaxial growth method to which the supercritical solution is applied at a high temperature has been proposed.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a conventional method for forming a GaAs pattern and a semiconductor device using the method.
As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional method for forming a GaAs pattern comprises the steps of forming an insulating film 2 on a silicon substrate 1, forming a pattern of a chromium-rich conductive pattern 7 on the insulating film 2 and then forming a GaAs film 3 by the liquid phase epitaxial growth method using a supercritical solution 3a to which the
Q:
Is the ClearCase central repository option intended for merges (vob merge)?
I have a customer setting up a ClearCase Central Repository on a VOB (Views Of Business). The customer wants to run a merge on this VOB every two hours, just to keep things current.
My question: is this an okay use of ClearCase Central Repository?
The customer has set up a user for each machine with read/write access to the shared file system, under:
ccs_admin/vobs/vob_name/…
and
ccs_admin/repos/repo_name/…
I understand that this model is more of a “merge-per-user” model, and not a “merge-per-vob” model. I’ve seen a number of articles on the web stating that a VOB is the “destination” for a merge, and not a repository.
In my opinion, this is an okay use of ClearCase central repository, but I want to know if it’s a recommended use case, and if not, why?
Is a “merge-per-vob” model really intended for use with VOBs?
A:
You are right that a central repo is not mandatory for a view merge. But as a general rule of thumb, a vob is a place where you store product artifacts, so a good place to store view of business.
These being said, a view merge has a weird combination between vobs and repositories: you don’t use a repository for the resulting products, but view files are stored in the repository anyway.
That being said, in a vob merge context, a central repo may be good enough. Note that a shared path may be a good place to store artifacts you might want to share between multiple users.
I would rather recommend to plan view merges regularly, and perform all of them in the same integration stream.
Besides, you could consider branching your view instead of doing a merges, which will also enable you to take advantage of code management tools.
Also note that a VOB is not mandatory for a view. You can use multiple vobs (typically to store different products), and not assign them to a view. It is even possible to have more than one view across a repo, or even in different repos.
From the Logical View perspective, this does
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Minimum:
-OS: Mac OS X 10.7.5, Windows 7, Windows 8
-Processor: Intel 2.0GHz Core 2 Duo or equivalent
-Memory: 1GB RAM
Recommended:
-Processor: Intel 3.0GHz Core 2 Duo or equivalent
-Memory: 2GB RAM
Microsoft Windows System Requirements:
Minimum:
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